Bennett-Levy And Marteua (1984) Fear Of Animals

Bennet-Levy and Marteau (1984) Fear of sensuals Phobias: Persistant irrational headache of an event, object, activity, called a neurotic stimulus, resulting in desire to avoid it Presence or anticipation of neurotic stimulus triggers anxiety or panic o somebody acknowledges mis big to be irrational Most common animal phobias argon arachnophobia and fear of dogs. Explanation of phobias o Classical instruct training by association o Operant learn reinforcement o Social learning theory data-based learning (bandura bobo doll) initiation Context: evolutionary psychology is a type of biological psychology o everywhere time animals adapted or passed on characteristics which gave them advantages in option Seligman (1971) o Proposed humans have evolved to become afraid of discriminating animal characteristics known as stimuli o Preparedness - sensitivity of organism afraid of selective stimuli o Presented participants w  pictures of animals and plant s whilst giving them galvanic shocks Conditioned phobias as participants associated pictures w feeling pain. BL&M place four important pieces of evidence in spare of preparedness o Pattern of animal phobia is non-random non all species every bit likely to elicit neurotic responses Suggests something particular about those species that are commonly focus of a phobia eg moving promptly or suddenly o Fears no related to echt legative experiences w species Suggests characteristics of species (eg being diff from humans) whitethorn be more important than actual dangerousness o Children just about likely to become afraid at about 4 yrs Consistency unlikely to arise if exploitation fears were related to encounters Suggests port of fears has innate origins. o Phobic persons fears work despite knowledge that feared animal is harmless Eg fears of rats overcome and guileless Suggests that basic aspect of species that elicit response Hinde (1974) o unfami liarity of an animal may...If you want to ge! t a full essay, baffle it on our website: OrderEssay.net

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